Questão de Língua Inglesa

Read the text below in order to answer questions

19 to 20:

The politics of administrative reform

Most countries of Latin America stabilized and opened their economies in the first generation of market oriented reforms in the 1980s and early 1990s. Now they face a much more costly and protracted task of rebuilding state capacity to deliver social services, regulate the economy, avoid recurrent fiscal crises, and improve the overall functioning of government. Why have some countries progressed further on administrative reform than other countries? Administrative reform usually starts with small groups of reformers within the executive branch. Among factors that facilitate reform are: balance of payments and fiscal crises, middle class and rural support, and the effective packaging of reform initiatives. Contrary to much of the literature, the nature of the party system (cohesion, discipline and parity) does not explain much of the variation in reform experiences.

According to the text, reform experiences consist of